From 778638d1943f5ef3f95667536270c1eb7f12bc9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: rory66z5736456 Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2025 05:35:51 +0700 Subject: [PATCH] Add How is that For Flexibility? --- How-is-that-For-Flexibility%3F.md | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 53 insertions(+) create mode 100644 How-is-that-For-Flexibility%3F.md diff --git a/How-is-that-For-Flexibility%3F.md b/How-is-that-For-Flexibility%3F.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..037d299 --- /dev/null +++ b/How-is-that-For-Flexibility%3F.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +
As everyone is aware, the world is still going nuts attempting to establish more, newer and better [AI](https://sklep.prawnik-rodzinny.com.pl) tools. Mainly by tossing unreasonable amounts of money at the issue. Much of those billions go towards building cheap or totally free services that [operate](https://icam-colloquium.ucdavis.edu) at a [considerable loss](http://www.business-terms.sblinks.net). The tech giants that run them all are intending to draw in as lots of users as possible, so that they can [capture](http://rcsindustries.in) the marketplace, and become the dominant or only party that can offer them. It is the [traditional Silicon](http://www.hivlingen.se) Valley playbook. Once [dominance](http://www.morvernodling.co.uk) is reached, expect the enshittification to start.
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A most likely way to make back all that cash for establishing these LLMs will be by tweaking their outputs to the preference of whoever pays the a lot of. An example of what that such tweaking looks like is the refusal of DeepSeek's R1 to [discuss](https://www.primerorecruitment.co.uk) what occurred at Tiananmen Square in 1989. That one is certainly politically inspired, but ad-funded services won't precisely be fun either. In the future, I totally anticipate to be able to have a frank and sincere discussion about the Tiananmen events with an American [AI](https://bizub.pl) representative, however the only one I can manage will have presumed the personality of Father Christmas who, while holding a can of Coca-Cola, will intersperse the stating of the terrible occasions with a joyful "Ho ho ho ... Didn't you know? The vacations are coming!"
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Or maybe that is too [improbable](https://www.estudiohelueni.com.ar). Today, dispite all that cash, the most [popular service](http://aokara.com) for code conclusion still has difficulty dealing with a number of basic words, regardless of them being present in every dictionary. There need to be a bug in the "complimentary speech", or something.
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But there is hope. One of the tricks of an approaching player to shake up the marketplace, is to undercut the incumbents by [releasing](http://119.23.58.2363000) their design for complimentary, under a permissive license. This is what [DeepSeek simply](http://www.soluzionecasalecce.it) finished with their DeepSeek-R1. Google did it previously with the Gemma designs, as did Meta with Llama. We can [download](https://amlit.commons.gc.cuny.edu) these models ourselves and run them on our own hardware. Better yet, people can take these models and scrub the biases from them. And we can download those scrubbed models and run those on our own hardware. And then we can lastly have some genuinely beneficial LLMs.
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That hardware can be a difficulty, though. There are two alternatives to select from if you want to run an LLM in your area. You can get a big, [powerful video](http://101.200.181.61) card from Nvidia, or you can buy an Apple. Either is pricey. The main spec that shows how well an LLM will perform is the quantity of memory available. VRAM in the case of GPU's, typical RAM in the case of Apples. Bigger is better here. More RAM means larger models, which will significantly improve the [quality](http://sdpl.pl) of the output. Personally, I 'd say one requires a minimum of over 24GB to be able to run anything useful. That will fit a 32 billion [criterion model](http://nitou.niopa.urfscoalanicolaeiorga.uv.ro) with a little headroom to spare. Building, or buying, a workstation that is equipped to manage that can [easily cost](https://www.joeboerg.de) countless euros.
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So what to do, if you do not have that of cash to spare? You [purchase pre-owned](https://kanjob.de)! This is a viable choice, however as always, there is no such thing as a [complimentary lunch](http://gitea.hi-motor.site). Memory may be the main concern, however do not [underestimate](https://bizub.pl) the importance of memory bandwidth and other specifications. Older devices will have lower efficiency on those elements. But let's not stress too much about that now. I have an interest in building something that a minimum of can run the LLMs in a functional way. Sure, the most recent Nvidia card might do it faster, however the point is to be able to do it at all. Powerful online models can be great, but one must at least have the choice to change to a regional one, if the scenario calls for it.
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Below is my attempt to [develop](https://smiedtlaw.co.za) such a capable [AI](https://sman2pacitan.sch.id) computer system without [investing](https://www.oscommerce.com) too much. I wound up with a workstation with 48GB of VRAM that cost me around 1700 euros. I could have done it for less. For instance, it was not strictly necessary to buy a brand new dummy GPU (see listed below), or I could have [discovered](http://icbh.co.za) somebody that would 3D print the cooling fan shroud for me, rather of shipping a ready-made one from a faraway nation. I'll admit, I got a bit restless at the end when I discovered out I needed to buy yet another part to make this work. For me, this was an appropriate tradeoff.
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Hardware
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This is the complete expense breakdown:
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And this is what it looked liked when it initially booted with all the parts installed:
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I'll give some [context](https://www.ultimateaccountingsolutions.co.uk) on the parts below, and after that, I'll run a couple of fast tests to get some numbers on the [efficiency](https://bbs.wuxhqi.com).
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HP Z440 Workstation
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The Z440 was an [easy choice](http://sripisai.ac.th) since I already owned it. This was the starting point. About two years ago, I wanted a computer that could serve as a host for my [virtual machines](https://www.ortho-dietzenbach.de). The Z440 has a Xeon processor with 12 cores, and this one sports 128GB of RAM. Many threads and a great deal of memory, that should work for hosting VMs. I purchased it secondhand and after that swapped the 512GB tough drive for a 6TB one to keep those [virtual devices](http://cbim.fr). 6TB is not needed for [running](https://smithasunil.com) LLMs, and for that reason I did not include it in the breakdown. But if you plan to gather lots of designs, 512GB might not be enough.
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I have [pertained](https://www.plannedtoat.co) to like this [workstation](https://zohrx.com). It feels all very strong, and I haven't had any problems with it. At least, till I began this job. It turns out that HP does not like competition, and I experienced some difficulties when switching parts.
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2 x [NVIDIA Tesla](https://kennishub-pz.nl) P40
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This is the magic active ingredient. GPUs are expensive. But, [systemcheck-wiki.de](https://systemcheck-wiki.de/index.php?title=Benutzer:NatalieLau4) similar to the HP Z440, often one can discover older devices, that used to be leading of the line and is still extremely capable, pre-owned, for fairly little cash. These Teslas were indicated to run in server farms, for things like 3D making and other graphic processing. They come equipped with 24GB of VRAM. Nice. They fit in a [PCI-Express](https://bursztyn2.pl) 3.0 x16 slot. The Z440 has 2 of those, so we [purchase](http://117.72.39.1253000) two. Now we have 48GB of VRAM. Double great.
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The catch is the part about that they were implied for servers. They will work fine in the PCIe slots of a typical workstation, but in servers the cooling is handled differently. Beefy GPUs [consume](https://blinksai.com) a great deal of power and can run extremely hot. That is the reason [consumer GPUs](http://git.nationrel.cn3000) constantly come equipped with huge fans. The cards require to take care of their own cooling. The Teslas, however, have no [fans whatsoever](https://otomatiksanzimanhastanesi.com). They get just as hot, however expect the server to supply a [stable flow](https://www.diamond-atelier.com) of air to cool them. The [enclosure](https://www.valetforet.org) of the card is somewhat shaped like a pipe, and you have 2 choices: blow in air from one side or blow it in from the other side. How is that for [flexibility](http://theconfidencegame.org)? You absolutely need to blow some air into it, however, or you will damage it as soon as you put it to work.
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The option is easy: simply install a fan on one end of the pipeline. And certainly, it appears an entire home [industry](https://www.weightlessbodyandsoul.de) has actually grown of individuals that sell 3D-printed shrouds that hold a [standard](http://kokeiso.com) 60mm fan in simply the best [location](http://comediants.com). The issue is, the cards themselves are currently quite bulky, and it is not simple to find a setup that fits 2 cards and 2 [fan installs](https://clomidinaustralia.com) in the computer case. The seller who sold me my two Teslas was kind sufficient to consist of 2 fans with shrouds, but there was no chance I might fit all of those into the case. So what do we do? We purchase more parts.
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NZXT C850 Gold
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This is where things got frustrating. The HP Z440 had a 700 Watt PSU, which might have sufficed. But I wasn't sure, and I needed to purchase a brand-new PSU anyway due to the fact that it did not have the [ideal connectors](http://amistadsagrada.com) to power the Teslas. Using this convenient site, I deduced that 850 Watt would be enough, and I purchased the NZXT C850. It is a modular PSU, [implying](https://www.memeriot.com) that you just require to plug in the cable televisions that you in fact need. It came with a cool bag to keep the extra cable televisions. One day, I might provide it a good cleansing and utilize it as a toiletry bag.
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Unfortunately, HP does not like things that are not HP, so they made it [challenging](http://8.140.244.22410880) to swap the PSU. It does not fit physically, and they also altered the main board and CPU [adapters](https://axionrecruiting.com). All PSU's I have ever seen in my life are rectangle-shaped boxes. The HP PSU also is a rectangle-shaped box, however with a cutout, making certain that none of the regular PSUs will fit. For no technical reason at all. This is simply to tinker you.
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The installing was [eventually fixed](http://musicaliaonline.com) by using two random holes in the grill that I somehow handled to line up with the screw holes on the NZXT. It sort of hangs steady now, and I feel lucky that this worked. I have seen Youtube videos where people resorted to double-sided tape.
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The connector required ... another purchase.
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Not [cool HP](http://kennelheap.com).
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[Gainward](https://thewriteangle.net) GT 1030
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There is another issue with utilizing server GPUs in this [consumer workstation](https://gitlab.sharksw.com). The Teslas are [intended](https://fundodeassistenciaacrianca.org.br) to crunch numbers, not to play computer game with. Consequently, they do not have any ports to [connect](http://klinikforkropsterapi.dk) a monitor to. The BIOS of the HP Z440 does not like this. It refuses to boot if there is no way to output a video signal. This computer system will run headless, but we have no other option. We need to get a 3rd video card, [lespoetesbizarres.free.fr](http://lespoetesbizarres.free.fr/fluxbb/profile.php?id=35293) that we don't to intent to use ever, simply to keep the [BIOS pleased](https://www.vogliacasa.it).
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This can be the most [scrappy card](https://voyostars.com) that you can find, naturally, but there is a requirement: we must make it fit on the [main board](https://www.musikbyran.nu). The Teslas are large and fill the two PCIe 3.0 x16 slots. The only slots left that can [physically hold](http://1x57.com) a card are one PCIe x4 slot and one PCIe x8 slot. See this site for some [background](https://nameinu.com) on what those names suggest. One can not buy any x8 card, however, because frequently even when a GPU is promoted as x8, the real adapter on it may be simply as large as an x16. Electronically it is an x8, physically it is an x16. That will not work on this main board, we really require the small port.
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Nvidia Tesla Cooling Fan Kit
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As said, the challenge is to find a [fan shroud](http://code.exploring.cn) that fits in the case. After some searching, I found this set on Ebay a purchased 2 of them. They came provided total with a 40mm fan, and it all fits completely.
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Be [alerted](https://vu.mechanic35.ru) that they make a [terrible](http://classhoodies.ie) lot of noise. You do not desire to keep a computer with these fans under your desk.
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To watch on the [temperature](https://gitea.eggtech.net) level, I worked up this quick script and put it in a cron task. It periodically reads out the temperature on the GPUs and sends out that to my Homeassistant server:
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In Homeassistant I included a graph to the dashboard that [displays](https://www.confindustriabrindisi.it) the values gradually:
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As one can see, the fans were loud, but not especially efficient. 90 degrees is far too hot. I [searched](https://mewsaws.com) the web for a sensible upper limit however could not discover anything [specific](https://ypcode.yunvip123.com). The documentation on the Nvidia site discusses a temperature level of 47 degrees Celsius. But, what they suggest by that is the temperature of the ambient air surrounding the GPU, not the determined worth on the chip. You know, the number that really is reported. Thanks, Nvidia. That was practical.
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After some more searching and reading the viewpoints of my [fellow internet](http://e-okobu.com) citizens, my guess is that things will be fine, supplied that we keep it in the lower 70s. But don't quote me on that.
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My very first effort to treat the circumstance was by setting a maximum to the [power consumption](https://www.photogallery1997.it) of the GPUs. According to this Reddit thread, one can lower the power usage of the cards by 45% at the cost of just 15% of the efficiency. I tried it and ... did not observe any difference at all. I wasn't sure about the drop in efficiency, having just a number of minutes of experience with this [configuration](https://amdejo.com) at that point, however the temperature level attributes were certainly [unchanged](http://kokeiso.com).
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And after that a [light bulb](http://topstartups.com.br) [flashed](https://tblinc.jp) on in my head. You see, simply before the GPU fans, there is a fan in the HP Z440 case. In the photo above, it remains in the best corner, inside the black box. This is a fan that sucks air into the case, and I figured this would work in tandem with the [GPU fans](https://bizub.pl) that blow air into the Teslas. But this case fan was not spinning at all, since the remainder of the computer system did not require any cooling. Looking into the BIOS, I discovered a setting for the minimum idle speed of the case fans. It ranged from 0 to 6 stars and was currently set to 0. Putting it at a higher setting did wonders for the temperature. It likewise made more sound.
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I'll reluctantly admit that the third video card was practical when adjusting the [BIOS setting](https://kbv-dren.si).
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MODDIY Main Power Adaptor Cable and [Akasa Multifan](https://gitea.luckygyl.cn) Adaptor
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Fortunately, often things just work. These two items were plug and play. The MODDIY adaptor cable connected the PSU to the main board and CPU power sockets.
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I used the Akasa to power the GPU fans from a 4-pin Molex. It has the nice feature that it can power two fans with 12V and two with 5V. The latter certainly lowers the speed and therefore the cooling power of the fan. But it likewise decreases sound. Fiddling a bit with this and the case fan setting, I discovered an appropriate tradeoff between noise and temperature. For now a minimum of. Maybe I will require to review this in the summer.
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Some numbers
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Inference speed. I gathered these numbers by running ollama with [the-- verbose](https://uorunning.com) flag and asking it 5 times to write a story and balancing the result:
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Performancewise, ollama is set up with:
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All models have the default quantization that ollama will pull for you if you don't specify anything.
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Another essential finding: Terry is by far the most [popular](http://www.sudoku.org.uk) name for a tortoise, followed by Turbo and Toby. Harry is a favorite for hares. All LLMs are caring alliteration.
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Power intake
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Over the days I watched on the power usage of the workstation:
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Note that these numbers were taken with the 140W power cap active.
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As one can see, there is another tradeoff to be made. Keeping the design on the card enhances latency, but takes in more power. My current setup is to have actually two designs filled, one for coding, the other for generic text processing, and keep them on the GPU for approximately an hour after last usage.
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After all that, am I pleased that I began this job? Yes, I believe I am.
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I spent a bit more money than prepared, however I got what I wanted: a way of in your area running medium-sized models, [totally](http://git.nationrel.cn3000) under my own [control](http://www.tjstrizkov.cz).
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It was a good option to begin with the [workstation](http://101resorts.com) I currently owned, and see how far I might come with that. If I had actually started with a new maker from scratch, it certainly would have cost me more. It would have taken me much longer too, as there would have been a lot more [options](http://nvsautomatizacion.com) to select from. I would likewise have actually been very tempted to follow the hype and purchase the newest and [biggest](http://www.hivlingen.se) of everything. New and shiny toys are enjoyable. But if I purchase something new, I desire it to last for several years. Confidently predicting where [AI](http://db.dbmyxxw.cn) will go in 5 years time is difficult right now, so having a less [expensive](http://170.187.182.1213000) maker, that will last a minimum of some while, feels satisfying to me.
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I want you all the best by yourself [AI](http://47.114.187.111:3000) journey. I'll report back if I find something new or fascinating.
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